This document is an excerpt from the EUR-Lex website
Document 32016D0035(01)
Decision (EU) 2016/2247 of the European Central Bank of 3 November 2016 on the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (recast) (ECB/2016/35)
Decision (EU) 2016/2247 of the European Central Bank of 3 November 2016 on the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (recast) (ECB/2016/35)
Decision (EU) 2016/2247 of the European Central Bank of 3 November 2016 on the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (recast) (ECB/2016/35)
OJ L 347, 20.12.2016, p. 1–25
(BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV)
In force: This act has been changed. Current consolidated version: 31/12/2021
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20.12.2016 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
L 347/1 |
DECISION (EU) 2016/2247 OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK
of 3 November 2016
on the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (ECB/2016/35)
(recast)
THE GOVERNING COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank, and in particular Article 26.2 thereof,
Whereas:
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(1) |
Decision ECB/2010/21 (1) has been substantially amended several times. Since further amendments are to be made, that Decision should be recast in the interests of clarity. |
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(2) |
Guideline ECB/2010/20 (2) to which Decision ECB/2010/21 refers has been recast and repealed by Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 of the European Central Bank (ECB/2016/34) (3), |
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
Definitions
1. The terms defined in Article 1 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall have the same meaning when used in this Decision.
2. Other technical terms used in this Decision shall have the same meaning as in Annex II to Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 2
Scope of application
The rules set out in this Decision shall apply to the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (ECB) comprising the balance sheet, items recorded in the books of the ECB off-balance-sheet, the profit and loss account and the notes to the annual accounts of the ECB.
Article 3
Qualitative characteristics
The qualitative characteristics defined in Article 3 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall apply for the purposes of this Decision.
Article 4
Basic accounting assumptions
The basic accounting assumptions defined in Article 4 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall also apply for the purposes of this Decision.
In derogation from the first sentence of Article 4(3) of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34), post-balance-sheet events shall only be taken into account until the date on which the Executive Board authorises the submission of the ECB's annual accounts to the Governing Council for approval.
Article 5
Economic and cash/settlement approaches
The rules set out in Article 5 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall apply to this Decision.
Article 6
Recognition of assets and liabilities
A financial or other asset/liability shall only be recognised in the balance sheet of the ECB in accordance with Article 6 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
CHAPTER II
COMPOSITION AND VALUATION RULES FOR THE BALANCE SHEET
Article 7
Composition of the balance sheet
The composition of the balance sheet shall be based on the structure set out in Annex I.
Article 8
Provision for foreign exchange rate, interest rate, credit and gold price risks
Taking into due consideration the nature of the ECB's activities, the Governing Council may establish a provision for foreign exchange rate, interest rate, credit and gold price risks in the balance sheet of the ECB. The Governing Council shall decide on the size and use of the provision on the basis of a reasoned estimate of the ECB's risk exposures.
Article 9
Balance sheet valuation rules
1. Current market rates and prices shall be used for balance sheet valuation purposes unless specified otherwise in Annex I.
2. The revaluation of gold, foreign currency instruments, securities (other than securities classified as held-to-maturity, non-marketable securities, and securities held for monetary policy purposes that are accounted for at amortised costs), as well as financial instruments, both on-balance-sheet and off-balance-sheet, shall be performed at the year-end at mid-market rates and prices.
3. No distinction shall be made between price and currency revaluation differences for gold, but a single gold revaluation difference shall be accounted for, based on the euro price per defined unit of weight of gold derived from the euro/US dollar exchange rate on the quarterly revaluation date. For foreign exchange, including on-balance- sheet and off-balance-sheet transactions, revaluation shall take place on a currency-by-currency basis. For the purpose of this Article, holdings of special drawing rights (SDRs), including designated individual foreign exchange holdings underlying the SDR basket, shall be treated as one holding. For securities, revaluation shall take place on a code-by-code basis, i.e. same ISIN number/type, while any embedded options shall not be separated for valuation purposes. Securities held for monetary policy purposes or included in the items ‘Other financial assets’ or ‘Sundry’ shall be treated as separate holdings.
4. Marketable securities held for monetary policy purposes shall be treated as separate holdings and shall be valued either at market price or at amortised cost (subject to impairment), depending on monetary policy considerations.
5. Securities classified as held-to-maturity shall be treated as separate holdings and shall be valued at amortised cost (subject to impairment). The same treatment shall apply to non-marketable securities. Securities classified as held-to-maturity may be sold before their maturity when any of the following occurs:
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(a) |
if the quantity sold is considered not significant in comparison with the total amount of the held-to-maturity securities portfolio; |
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(b) |
if the securities are sold during one month before maturity date; |
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(c) |
under exceptional circumstances, such as a significant deterioration of the issuer's creditworthiness. |
Article 10
Reverse transactions
Reverse transactions shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 10 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 11
Marketable equity instruments
Marketable equity instruments shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 11 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 12
Hedging of interest rate risk on securities with derivatives
The hedging of interest rate risk shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 12 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 13
Synthetic instruments
Synthetic instruments shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 13 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
CHAPTER III
INCOME RECOGNITION
Article 14
Income recognition
1. Article 15(1), (2), (3), (5) and (7) of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall apply to income recognition.
2. Holdings on special revaluation accounts stemming from contributions in accordance with Article 48.2 of the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank (hereinafter the ‘Statute of the ESCB’) with respect to central banks of Member States for which the derogation has been abrogated shall be used to offset unrealised losses when exceeding previous revaluation gains registered in the corresponding standard revaluation account as laid down by Article 15(1)(c) of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34), prior to the offsetting of such losses in accordance with Article 33.2 of the Statute of the ESCB. The holdings on special revaluation accounts for gold, currencies and securities shall be reduced pro rata in the event of a reduction in the holdings of the relevant assets.
Article 15
Cost of transactions
Article 16 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall apply to this Decision.
CHAPTER IV
ACCOUNTING RULES FOR OFF-BALANCE-SHEET INSTRUMENTS
Article 16
General rules
Article 17 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34) shall apply to this Decision.
Article 17
Foreign exchange forward transactions
Foreign exchange forward transactions shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 18 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 18
Foreign exchange swaps
Foreign exchange swaps shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 19 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 19
Futures contracts
Futures contracts shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 20 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 20
Interest rate swaps
Interest rate swaps shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 21 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Unrealised losses taken to the profit and loss account at the year-end shall be amortised in subsequent years in accordance with the straight-line method. For forward interest rate swaps, the amortisation shall begin from the value date of the transaction.
Article 21
Forward rate agreements
Forward rate agreements shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 22 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 22
Forward transactions in securities
Forward transactions in securities shall be accounted for in accordance with Method A in Article 23(1) of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
Article 23
Options
Options shall be accounted for in accordance with Article 24 of Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
CHAPTER V
ANNUAL PUBLISHED BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
Article 24
Formats
1. The format of the ECB's published annual balance sheet shall follow the format in Annex II.
2. The format of the ECB's published profit and loss account shall comply with Annex III.
CHAPTER VI
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 25
Development, application and interpretation of rules
1. In interpreting this Decision, account shall be taken of the preparatory work, the accounting principles harmonised by Union law and generally accepted accounting principles.
2. If a specific accounting treatment is not laid down in this Decision and in the absence of a decision to the contrary by the Governing Council, the ECB shall follow valuation principles in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union, which are relevant to the ECB's activities and accounts.
Article 26
Repeal
1. Decision ECB/2010/21 is hereby repealed.
2. References to the repealed Decision shall be construed as references to this Decision and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex V.
Article 27
Entry into force
This Decision shall enter into force on 31 December 2016.
Done at Frankfurt am Main, 3 November 2016.
The President of the ECB
Mario DRAGHI
(1) Decision ECB/2010/21 of 11 November 2010 on the annual accounts of the European Central Bank (OJ L 35, 9.2.2011, p. 1).
(2) Guideline ECB/2010/20 of 11 November 2010 on the legal framework for accounting and financial reporting in the European System of Central Banks (OJ L 35, 9.2.2011, p. 31).
(3) Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 of the European Central Bank of 3 November 2016 on the legal framework for accounting and financial reporting in the European System of Central Banks (ECB/2016/34) (see page 37 of this Official Journal).
ANNEX I
COMPOSITION AND VALUATION RULES FOR THE BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS
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Balance sheet item |
Categorisation of contents of balance sheet items |
Valuation principle |
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1 |
Gold and gold receivables |
Physical gold, i.e. bars, coins, plates, nuggets, in storage or ‘under way’. Non-physical gold, such as balances in gold sight accounts (unallocated accounts), term deposits and claims to receive gold arising from the following transactions: (a) upgrading or downgrading transactions; and (b) gold location or purity swaps where there is a difference of more than one business day between release and receipt |
Market value |
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2 |
Claims on non-euro-area residents denominated in foreign currency |
Claims on counterparties resident outside the euro area including international and supranational institutions and central banks outside the euro area denominated in foreign currency |
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2.1 |
Receivables from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
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2.2 |
Balances with banks and security investments, external loans and other external assets |
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3 |
Claims on euro area residents denominated in foreign currency |
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4 |
Claims on non-euro-area residents denominated in euro |
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4.1 |
Balances with banks, security investments and loans |
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4.2 |
Claims arising from the credit facility under the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) II |
Lending in accordance with the ERM II conditions |
Nominal value |
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5 |
Lending to euro area credit institutions related to monetary policy operations denominated in euro |
Items 5.1 to 5.5: transactions in accordance with the respective monetary policy instruments described in Guideline (EU) 2015/510 of the European Central Bank (ECB/2014/60) (1) |
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5.1 |
Main refinancing operations |
Regular liquidity-providing reverse transactions with a weekly frequency and normally a maturity of one week |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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5.2 |
Longer-term refinancing operations |
Regular liquidity-providing reverse transactions normally with a monthly frequency, with a maturity longer than that of the main refinancing operations |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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5.3 |
Fine-tuning reverse operations |
Reverse transactions, executed as ad hoc transactions for fine-tuning purposes |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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5.4 |
Structural reverse operations |
Reverse transactions adjusting the structural position of the Eurosystem vis-à-vis the financial sector |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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5.5 |
Marginal lending facility |
Overnight liquidity facility at a pre-specified interest rate against eligible assets (standing facility) |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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5.6 |
Credits related to margin calls |
Additional credit to credit institutions, arising from value increases of underlying assets regarding other credit to these credit institutions |
Nominal value or cost |
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6 |
Other claims on euro area credit institutions denominated in euro |
Current accounts, fixed-term deposits, day-to-day money, reverse repo transactions in connection with the management of security portfolios under the asset item 7 ‘Securities of euro area residents denominated in euro’, including transactions resulting from the transformation of former foreign currency reserves of the euro area, and other claims. Correspondent accounts with non-domestic euro area credit institutions. Other claims and operations unrelated to monetary policy operations of the Eurosystem |
Nominal value or cost |
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7 |
Securities of euro area residents denominated in euro |
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7.1 |
Securities held for monetary policy purposes |
Securities held for monetary policy purposes (including securities purchased for monetary policy purposes issued by supranational or international organisations, or multilateral development banks, irrespective of their geographical location). European Central Bank (ECB) debt certificates purchased for fine-tuning purposes |
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7.2 |
Other securities |
Securities other than those under asset item 7.1 ‘Securities held for monetary policy purposes’ and under asset item 11.3 ‘Other financial assets’: notes and bonds, bills, zero bonds, money market paper held outright, including government securities stemming from before Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), denominated in euro. Equity instruments |
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8 |
General government debt denominated in euro |
Claims on government stemming from before EMU (non-marketable securities, loans) |
Deposits/loans at nominal value, non-marketable securities at cost |
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9 |
Intra-Eurosystem claims |
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9.1 |
Claims related to the issuance of ECB debt certificates |
Intra-Eurosystem claims vis-à-vis national central banks (NCBs), arising from the issuance of ECB debt certificates |
Cost |
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9.2 |
Claims related to the allocation of euro banknotes within the Eurosystem |
Claims related to the ECB's banknote issue, in accordance with Decision ECB/2010/29 (2) |
Nominal value |
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9.3 |
Other claims within the Eurosystem (net) |
Net position of the following sub-items: |
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10 |
Items in course of settlement |
Settlement account balances (claims), including the float of cheques in collection |
Nominal value |
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11 |
Other assets |
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11.1 |
Coins of euro area |
Euro coins |
Nominal value |
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11.2 |
Tangible and intangible fixed assets |
Land and buildings, furniture and equipment including computer equipment, software |
Cost less depreciation Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life. The useful life is the period over which a fixed asset is expected to be available for use by the entity. Useful lives of individual material fixed assets may be reviewed on a systematic basis, if expectations differ from previous estimates. Major assets may comprise components with different useful lives. The lives of such components should be assessed individually The cost of intangible assets includes the price for the acquisition of the intangible asset. Other direct or indirect costs are to be expensed Capitalisation of expenditure: limit-based (below EUR 10 000 excluding VAT: no capitalisation) |
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11.3 |
Other financial assets |
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11.4 |
Off-balance-sheet instruments revaluation differences |
Valuation results of foreign exchange forwards, foreign exchange swaps, interest rate swaps (unless daily variation margin applies), forward rate agreements, forward transactions in securities, foreign exchange spot transactions from trade date to settlement date |
Net position between forward and spot, at the foreign exchange market rate |
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11.5 |
Accruals and prepaid expenditure |
Income not due in, but assignable to the reported period. Prepaid expenditure and accrued interest paid, i.e. accrued interest purchased with a security |
Nominal value, foreign exchange translated at market rate |
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11.6 |
Sundry |
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12 |
Loss for the year |
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Nominal value |
LIABILITIES
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Balance sheet item |
Categorisation of contents of balance sheet items |
Valuation principle |
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1 |
Banknotes in circulation |
Euro banknotes issued by the ECB, in accordance with Decision ECB/2010/29 |
Nominal value |
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2 |
Liabilities to euro area credit institutions related to monetary policy operations denominated in euro |
Items 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.5: deposits in euro as described in Guideline (EU) 2015/510 (ECB/2014/60) |
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2.1 |
Current accounts (covering the minimum reserve system) |
Euro accounts of credit institutions that are included in the list of financial institutions subject to minimum reserves in accordance with the Statute of the ESCB. This item contains primarily accounts used in order to hold minimum reserves |
Nominal value |
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2.2 |
Deposit facility |
Overnight deposits at a pre-specified interest rate (standing facility) |
Nominal value |
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2.3 |
Fixed-term deposits |
Collection for liquidity absorption purposes owing to fine-tuning operations |
Nominal value |
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2.4 |
Fine-tuning reverse operations |
Monetary policy-related transactions with the aim of liquidity absorption |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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2.5 |
Deposits related to margin calls |
Deposits of credit institutions, arising from value decreases of underlying assets regarding credits to these credit institutions |
Nominal value |
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3 |
Other liabilities to euro area credit institutions denominated in euro |
Repo transactions in connection with simultaneous reverse repo transactions for the management of securities portfolios under asset item 7 'Securities of euro area residents denominated in euro'. Other operations unrelated to Eurosystem monetary policy operations. No current accounts of credit institutions |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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4 |
ECB debt certificates issued |
Debt certificates as described in Guideline (EU) 2015/510 (ECB/2014/60). Discount paper, issued with the aim of liquidity absorption |
Cost Any discounts are amortised |
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5 |
Liabilities to other euro area residents denominated in euro |
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5.1 |
General government |
Current accounts, fixed-term deposits, deposits repayable on demand |
Nominal value |
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5.2 |
Other liabilities |
Current accounts of staff, companies and clients including financial institutions listed as exempt from the obligation to hold minimum reserves (See liability item 2.1); fixed-term deposits, deposits repayable on demand |
Nominal value |
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6 |
Liabilities to non-euro-area residents denominated in euro |
Current accounts, fixed-term deposits, deposits repayable on demand including accounts held for payment purposes and accounts held for reserve management purposes: of other banks, central banks, international/supranational institutions including the European Commission; current accounts of other depositors. Repo transactions in connection with simultaneous reverse repo transactions for the management of securities denominated in euro. Balances of TARGET2 accounts of central banks of Member States whose currency is not the euro |
Nominal value or repo cost |
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7 |
Liabilities to euro area residents denominated in foreign currency |
Current accounts. Liabilities under repo transactions; usually investment transactions using foreign currency assets or gold |
Nominal value, translated at year-end foreign exchange market rate |
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8 |
Liabilities to non-euro-area residents denominated in foreign currency |
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8.1 |
Deposits, balances and other liabilities |
Current accounts. Liabilities under repo transactions; usually investment transactions using foreign currency assets or gold |
Nominal value, translated at the year-end foreign exchange market rate |
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8.2 |
Liabilities arising from the credit facility under ERM II |
Borrowing in accordance with the ERM II conditions |
Nominal value, translated at the year-end foreign exchange market rate |
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9 |
Counterpart of special drawing rights allocated by the IMF |
SDR-denominated item which shows the amount of SDRs that were originally allocated to the respective country/NCB |
Nominal value, translated at the year-end foreign exchange market rate |
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10 |
Intra-Eurosystem liabilities |
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10.1 |
Liabilities equivalent to the transfer of foreign reserves |
ECB balance sheet item, denominated in euro |
Nominal value |
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10.2 |
Other liabilities within the Eurosystem (net) |
Net position of the following sub-items: |
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11 |
Items in course of settlement |
Settlement account balances (liabilities), including the float of giro transfers |
Nominal value |
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12 |
Other liabilities |
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12.1 |
Off-balance-sheet instruments revaluation differences |
Valuation results of foreign exchange forwards, foreign exchange swaps, interest rate swaps (unless daily variation margin applies), forward rate agreements, forward transactions in securities, foreign exchange spot transactions from trade date to settlement date |
Net position between forward and spot, at the foreign exchange market rate |
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12.2 |
Accruals and income collected in advance |
Expenditure falling due in a future period but relating to the reporting period. Income received in the reported period but relating to a future period |
Nominal value, foreign exchange translated at market rate |
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12.3 |
Sundry |
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13 |
Provisions |
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14 |
Revaluation accounts |
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15 |
Capital and reserves |
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15.1 |
Capital |
Paid-up capital |
Nominal value |
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15.2 |
Reserves |
Legal reserves, in accordance with Article 33 of the Statute of the ESCB and contributions in accordance with Article 48.2 of the Statute of the ESCB with respect to central banks of Member States whose derogations have been abrogated |
Nominal value |
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16 |
Profit for the year |
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Nominal value |
(1) Guideline (EU) 2015/510 of the European Central Bank of 19 December 2014 on the implementation of the Eurosystem monetary policy framework (ECB/2014/60) (OJ L 91, 2.4.2015, p. 3).
(2) Decision ECB/2010/29 of 13 December 2010 on the issue of euro banknotes (OJ L 35, 9.2.2011, p. 26).
ANNEX II
Annual balance sheet of the ECB
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(EUR million) |
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Assets (2) |
Reporting year |
Previous year |
Liabilities |
Reporting year |
Previous year |
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1. Gold and gold receivables 2. Claims on non-euro-area residents denominated in foreign currency
3. Claims on euro area residents denominated in foreign currency 4. Claims on non-euro-area residents denominated in euro
5. Lending to euro area credit institutions related to monetary policy operations denominated in euro
6. Other claims on euro area credit institutions denominated in euro 7. Securities of euro area residents denominated in euro
8. General government debt denominated in euro 9. Intra-Eurosystem claims
10. Items in course of settlement 11. Other assets
12. Loss for the year |
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1. Banknotes in circulation 2. Liabilities to euro area credit institutions related to monetary policy operations denominated in euro
3. Other liabilities to euro area credit institutions denominated in euro 4. ECB debt certificates issued 5. Liabilities to other euro area residents denominated in euro
6. Liabilities to non-euro-area residents denominated in euro 7. Liabilities to euro area residents denominated in foreign currency 8. Liabilities to non-euro-area residents denominated in foreign currency
9. Counterpart of special drawing rights allocated by the IMF 10. Intra-Eurosystem liabilities
11. Items in course of settlement 12. Other liabilities
13. Provisions 14. Revaluation accounts 15. Capital and reserves
16. Profit for the year |
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Total assets |
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Total liabilities |
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(1) The ECB may alternatively publish exact euro amounts, or amounts rounded in a different manner.
(2) The table of assets may also be published above the table of liabilities.
ANNEX III
PUBLISHED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT OF THE ECB
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(EUR million) |
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Profit and loss account for the year ending 31 December … |
Reporting year |
Previous year |
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Total net income |
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(Loss)/profit for the year |
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(1) The ECB may alternatively publish exact euro amounts, or amounts rounded in a different manner.
(2) The breakdown between income and expenses may alternatively be provided in the explanatory notes to the annual accounts.
(3) This includes administrative provisions.
(4) This item is used in the case of outsourced banknote production (for the cost of the services provided by external companies in charge of the production on behalf of the central banks). It is recommended that the costs incurred in connection with the issue of euro banknotes are taken to the profit and loss account as they are invoiced or otherwise incurred, see also Guideline (EU) 2016/2249 (ECB/2016/34).
ANNEX IV
REPEALED DECISION WITH ITS LIST OF THE SUCCESSIVE AMENDMENTS
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Decision ECB/2010/21 |
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Decision ECB/2012/30 |
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Decision ECB/2013/52 |
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Decision ECB/2014/55 |
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Decision ECB/2015/26 |
ANNEX V
CORRELATION TABLE
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Decision ECB/2010/21 |
This Decision |
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Article 3 |
Article 4 |
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Article 6 |
Article 7 |
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Article 7 |
Article 8 |
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Article 8 |
Article 9 |
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Article 9 |
Article 10 |
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Article 10 |
Article 11 |
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Article 11 |
Article 12 |
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Article 12 |
Article 13 |
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Article 13 |
Article 14 |
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Article 14 |
Article 15 |
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Article 15 |
Article 16 |
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Article 16 |
Article 17 |
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Article 17 |
Article 18 |
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Article 18 |
Article 19 |
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Article 19 |
Article 20 |
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Article 20 |
Article 21 |
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Article 21 |
Article 22 |
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Article 22 |
Article 23 |
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Article 23 |
Article 24 |
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Article 24 |
Article 25 |
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Article 25 |
Article 26 |
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Article 26 |
Article 27 |